Normally, the rays of light entering the eye are brought to a precise focus on the retina – the light sensitive layer lining the back of the eye. When such a focus is not achieved, a refractive error results and vision is not clear. These imperfections in the focusing power of the eye are called refractive errors.
Fig 1: Normal eye
The common refractive errors are:
There are several alternatives to correct your vision. Spectacles or contact lenses are the most common methods of correcting refractive errors. Refractive surgery is also an option to correct or improve your vision. These surgical procedures are used to adjust your eye’s focusing ability by reshaping the cornea, or front surface of your eye.
Refractive surgery is a procedure intended to reduce a person’s dependence on glasses or contact lenses by reshaping the cornea to enable light entering the eye to be properly focused onto the retina for clearer vision.
The most common refractive surgical procedures performed today are:
1) LASIK (Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis): It is a surgical procedure intended to reduce a person’s dependence on spectacles or contact lenses. In this procedure a thin hinged flap of cornea (the cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped window covering the front of the eye) is created and lifted to one side to access the underlying cornea (called the stroma) and remove some corneal tissue using an excimer laser. The flap is then repositioned in its original position.
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